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Intelligence might be defined broadly as facility at solving problems.

Clearly, such facility is related to the competencies described in Cognitive Social Theories.

The heritability of intelligence has been shown by many studies in Behavior Genetics. 

There are basically two camps on the theory of intelligence: those who believe in one unilinear construct of general intelligence (g), and those who believe in many different intelligences. Binet founded the French school of intelligence, in which intelligence tests were regarded as a practical means of separating the bright from the dull. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was regarded as simply an average of numerous dissimilar abilities, not as a real thing with definite properties that could be studied. Galton founded the English school of intelligence, in which it was believed that intelligence is a real faculty with a biological basis and could be studied using reaction times on simple cognitive tasks.

The English school took a huge step forward with Spearman's invention of factor analysis. Using this technique, Spearman found that all tests of intelligence have positive correlations (loadings) on the general factor and called this factor general intelligence, or g. However, Thurstone later disputed the prominence assigned to general intelligence by rotating the factors. In this way he found several primary mental abilities, instead of the one found by Spearman.

PROPONENTS OF ONE GENERAL INTELLIGENCE		PROPONENTS OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Galton Spearman Eysenck Jensen		Thurstone Gardner Sternberg